JLPT N1 Grammar List

Every grammar point on the JLPT N1 syllabus, grouped by theme so related patterns sit together. There are 57 points below. Items in colour link to a full guide with meaning, formation, examples and an instant drill.

New to N1? A good order is top to bottom — particles and the て-form first, then conditionals, then the rest. For a study schedule, see our study guides. New to the exam itself? The N1 format & scoring overview covers what you're preparing for.

Te-form & aspect

  • を控えて(直前・準備) With... Coming Up / In Preparation For

Obligation & permission

  • てしかるべき(当然・義務) Should Naturally / Ought To

Cause & result

  • 〜始末だ(〜という結果・〜という状況) End Up / Result In / Such A State / Situation

Contrast & concession

  • とはいえ(逆接・限定) Although / Even Though
  • といえども(譲歩・正式) Even Though / Although (Formal)
  • に対して(対象・対比・割合) Toward / Against / Per

Time & sequence

  • 〜た瞬間に(〜した瞬間・〜するとすぐに) The Moment / As Soon As / The Instant / Immediately When
  • をもって(手段・期限) With / By Means Of

Emphasis & limitation

  • のみならず(添加・強調) Not Only ... But Also
  • ばこそ(強調) Only Because / Precisely Because

Other patterns

  • をおいて(唯一) Apart From / Other Than
  • およそ(約・大体) Approximately / Generally / About / Roughly
  • 〜に至っては(〜については・特に) As For / When It Comes To / Particularly
  • 〜や否や(〜やいなや・〜するとすぐに) As Soon As / The Moment / No Sooner Than / Immediately After
  • 〜にあって(〜において・〜の状況で) At / During / In The Condition Of
  • 〜を踏まえて(〜に基づいて) Based On / Taking Into Account
  • を余儀なくされる(強制) Be Forced To / Have No Choice
  • てならない(自然と湧く感情) Can't Help But / Unbearably
  • てかなわない(我慢不可) Can't Stand / Unbearable
  • ざるを得ない(不可避) Cannot Help But / Have No Choice
  • 〜ざる(〜ない・〜しない) Classical Negative / Without Doing / Cannot Not / Must
  • 〜を兼ねて(〜も兼ねて・〜と兼ねて) Combining / Serving Dual Purpose / Along With
  • 〜をよそに(〜を無視して・〜にかまわず) Disregarding / Ignoring / Despite / Indifferent To
  • たりとも〜ない(最小限も不可) Even A Little / Not Even
  • を除いて(除外) Except For / Excluding
  • 極めて(きわめて・非常に) Extremely / Exceedingly / Very
  • 〜ずくめ(〜ばかり・全て〜) Full Of / All / Entirely / Nothing But
  • きらいがある(傾向) Have A Tendency To
  • 〜に則って(〜に基づいて・〜に従って) In Accordance With / Based On / Following
  • にひきかえ(対照) In Contrast To
  • 〜はおろか(〜はもちろん・〜どころか) Let Alone / Much Less / Not To Mention / Far From
  • 〜のみか(〜ばかりか・〜だけでなく) Not Only... But Also / Let Alone
  • 〜折に(〜の機会に・〜の時に) On The Occasion / When / At The Time Of
  • かつて(嘗て・以前は) Once / Before / Formerly
  • くらいなら(選択) Rather Than / If It Comes To
  • 〜によらず(〜に関わらず・〜を問わず) Regardless Of / Irrespective Of / No Matter
  • 〜を限りに(〜を最後に) Starting From / As The Last / Taking... As The Limit
  • 〜を皮切りに(〜を最初に・〜を始めとして) Starting With / As The Beginning / Taking... As The Start
  • 〜を機に(〜をきっかけに・〜のタイミングで) Taking The Opportunity / On The Occasion Of / Using... As A Trigger
  • 〜の極み(〜の至り・極限) The Height Of / The Extreme / Utmost
  • 〜きっての(〜で一番の・有数の) The Most ... Of All / Best Known
  • ゆえに(〜だから・〜のために) Therefore / Because / Due To / For That Reason
  • 〜を経て(〜を通じて・〜の後) Through / After / Via / By Way Of
  • 〜に足る/に足りる(〜に値する・十分な) To Be Enough / To Be Worthy Of / Sufficient
  • 〜にまつわる(〜に関する・〜についての) To Be Related To / Associated With / Concerning
  • 〜に先駆けて(〜に先立って・〜より先に) To Be The First / Ahead Of / Prior To
  • 〜に値する(〜に価する・〜にふさわしい) To Be Worth / To Deserve / To Merit
  • 〜思いをする(〜な経験をする) To Have An Experience / To Go Through / To Feel
  • てやむなし(不可避) Unavoidably Must / No Choice
  • 〜に至るまで(〜に至るまでに) Until / As Far As / Up To
  • 〜の至り(〜の極み・最高の) Utmost / Extreme / The Height Of
  • ともなると・ともなれば(高位・状況) When It Comes To Being
  • 〜(よ)うか〜まいか(〜するかしないか) Whether Or Not / Wondering Whether / Debating Whether To
  • であれ・であろうと(不問) Whether... Or
  • 〜つ〜つ(〜たり〜たり・交互に) While / Alternating Between / Doing Both
  • 〜かたわら(傍ら・〜の一方で) While / At The Same Time / Side By Side
  • に堪える/に耐える(価値・忍耐) Worth / Withstand

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