JLPT N1 Grammar List
Every grammar point on the JLPT N1 syllabus, grouped by theme so related patterns sit together. There are 57 points below. Items in colour link to a full guide with meaning, formation, examples and an instant drill.
New to N1? A good order is top to bottom — particles and the て-form first, then conditionals, then the rest. For a study schedule, see our study guides. New to the exam itself? The N1 format & scoring overview covers what you're preparing for.
Te-form & aspect
- を控えて(直前・準備) — With... Coming Up / In Preparation For
Obligation & permission
- てしかるべき(当然・義務) — Should Naturally / Ought To
Cause & result
- 〜始末だ(〜という結果・〜という状況) — End Up / Result In / Such A State / Situation
Contrast & concession
- とはいえ(逆接・限定) — Although / Even Though
- といえども(譲歩・正式) — Even Though / Although (Formal)
- に対して(対象・対比・割合) — Toward / Against / Per
Time & sequence
- 〜た瞬間に(〜した瞬間・〜するとすぐに) — The Moment / As Soon As / The Instant / Immediately When
- をもって(手段・期限) — With / By Means Of
Emphasis & limitation
- のみならず(添加・強調) — Not Only ... But Also
- ばこそ(強調) — Only Because / Precisely Because
Other patterns
- をおいて(唯一) — Apart From / Other Than
- およそ(約・大体) — Approximately / Generally / About / Roughly
- 〜に至っては(〜については・特に) — As For / When It Comes To / Particularly
- 〜や否や(〜やいなや・〜するとすぐに) — As Soon As / The Moment / No Sooner Than / Immediately After
- 〜にあって(〜において・〜の状況で) — At / During / In The Condition Of
- 〜を踏まえて(〜に基づいて) — Based On / Taking Into Account
- を余儀なくされる(強制) — Be Forced To / Have No Choice
- てならない(自然と湧く感情) — Can't Help But / Unbearably
- てかなわない(我慢不可) — Can't Stand / Unbearable
- ざるを得ない(不可避) — Cannot Help But / Have No Choice
- 〜ざる(〜ない・〜しない) — Classical Negative / Without Doing / Cannot Not / Must
- 〜を兼ねて(〜も兼ねて・〜と兼ねて) — Combining / Serving Dual Purpose / Along With
- 〜をよそに(〜を無視して・〜にかまわず) — Disregarding / Ignoring / Despite / Indifferent To
- たりとも〜ない(最小限も不可) — Even A Little / Not Even
- を除いて(除外) — Except For / Excluding
- 極めて(きわめて・非常に) — Extremely / Exceedingly / Very
- 〜ずくめ(〜ばかり・全て〜) — Full Of / All / Entirely / Nothing But
- きらいがある(傾向) — Have A Tendency To
- 〜に則って(〜に基づいて・〜に従って) — In Accordance With / Based On / Following
- にひきかえ(対照) — In Contrast To
- 〜はおろか(〜はもちろん・〜どころか) — Let Alone / Much Less / Not To Mention / Far From
- 〜のみか(〜ばかりか・〜だけでなく) — Not Only... But Also / Let Alone
- 〜折に(〜の機会に・〜の時に) — On The Occasion / When / At The Time Of
- かつて(嘗て・以前は) — Once / Before / Formerly
- くらいなら(選択) — Rather Than / If It Comes To
- 〜によらず(〜に関わらず・〜を問わず) — Regardless Of / Irrespective Of / No Matter
- 〜を限りに(〜を最後に) — Starting From / As The Last / Taking... As The Limit
- 〜を皮切りに(〜を最初に・〜を始めとして) — Starting With / As The Beginning / Taking... As The Start
- 〜を機に(〜をきっかけに・〜のタイミングで) — Taking The Opportunity / On The Occasion Of / Using... As A Trigger
- 〜の極み(〜の至り・極限) — The Height Of / The Extreme / Utmost
- 〜きっての(〜で一番の・有数の) — The Most ... Of All / Best Known
- ゆえに(〜だから・〜のために) — Therefore / Because / Due To / For That Reason
- 〜を経て(〜を通じて・〜の後) — Through / After / Via / By Way Of
- 〜に足る/に足りる(〜に値する・十分な) — To Be Enough / To Be Worthy Of / Sufficient
- 〜にまつわる(〜に関する・〜についての) — To Be Related To / Associated With / Concerning
- 〜に先駆けて(〜に先立って・〜より先に) — To Be The First / Ahead Of / Prior To
- 〜に値する(〜に価する・〜にふさわしい) — To Be Worth / To Deserve / To Merit
- 〜思いをする(〜な経験をする) — To Have An Experience / To Go Through / To Feel
- てやむなし(不可避) — Unavoidably Must / No Choice
- 〜に至るまで(〜に至るまでに) — Until / As Far As / Up To
- 〜の至り(〜の極み・最高の) — Utmost / Extreme / The Height Of
- ともなると・ともなれば(高位・状況) — When It Comes To Being
- 〜(よ)うか〜まいか(〜するかしないか) — Whether Or Not / Wondering Whether / Debating Whether To
- であれ・であろうと(不問) — Whether... Or
- 〜つ〜つ(〜たり〜たり・交互に) — While / Alternating Between / Doing Both
- 〜かたわら(傍ら・〜の一方で) — While / At The Same Time / Side By Side
- に堪える/に耐える(価値・忍耐) — Worth / Withstand
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