〜を踏まえて: 'Based On / Taking Into Account' (Meaning + Examples)
Grounding a decision in prior facts or results
〜を踏まえて introduces something already known — data, past experience, feedback — as the basis for what the speaker or writer does next. It's common in business and academic writing.
過去の失敗を踏まえて、やったんは新しい戦略を立てた。
かこの しっぱいを ふまえて、やったんは あたらしい せんりゃくを たてた。
Taking past failures into account, Yattan came up with a new strategy.
The failure is concrete grounding for the new plan, not just a vague lesson.
調査結果を踏まえて、方針を変更することにした。
ちょうさ けっかを ふまえて、ほうしんを へんこうすることに した。
Based on the survey results, we decided to change our policy.
モチの意見を踏まえて、計画を見直した。
モチの いけんを ふまえて、けいかくを みなおした。
Taking Mochi's opinion into account, we revised the plan.
What it attaches to
〜を踏まえて follows a noun denoting information, results, or experience, and is typically followed by a clause describing a decision or judgment.
| Precedes | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Noun (fact/result) | Noun を踏まえて、〜 | 現状を踏まえて、判断する |
| Noun (experience) | 経験を踏まえて | これまでの経験を踏まえて話す |
現状を踏まえて、判断する必要がある。
げんじょうを ふまえて、はんだんする ひつようが ある。
We need to make a judgment based on the current situation.
Don't confuse with 〜に基づいて
〜を踏まえて and 〜に基づいて both translate as "based on," but they differ in feel: 〜に基づいて is more mechanical and formal, often about following a rule, law, or fixed criterion (法律に基づいて = "based on the law"). 〜を踏まえて implies actively considering and weighing something — usually results, opinions, or experience — before making a judgment call, which is why it pairs naturally with words like 判断する and 見直す.
The short version
- 〜を踏まえて = "based on X" / "taking X into account."
- Attaches to: a noun (results, facts, experience, opinions).
- Nuance/register: formal, reasoned; common in reports, meetings, and academic writing.
- Don't confuse with: 〜に基づいて (more mechanical, "based on" a rule or fixed standard).
Practice it
Choose を踏まえて where a decision is grounded in prior facts, results, or experience.
＿＿＿に入れるのに最もよいものを選びなさい。
過去の失敗＿＿＿、新しい戦略を立てた。
Where 〜を踏まえて fits
Shaky on this? Get these solid first
- 〜てください · N5 — 〜てください is the standard way to politely ask someone to do something ('please do…'). Learn the formation, the negative 〜ないでください, softer variations, and see clear examples.
More N1 grammar to explore
Keep going with related patterns at the same level:
- 〜を経て — 〜を経て means 'through X' or 'after passing through X' — it marks a process, place, or period of time that was passed through before reaching a final result, often used for long journeys, careers, or lengthy processes.
- 〜を限りに — 〜を限りに marks a point in time as the last one — 'as of X, this ends.' Common in retirement announcements and store closures, it attaches to a noun and always signals a final cutoff, not a new beginning.
- 〜を兼ねて — 〜を兼ねて means doing one thing that also serves a second purpose: 散歩を兼ねて買い物に行く ('go shopping, which doubles as a walk'). Learn the noun+を兼ねて pattern, the 〜を兼ねる verb form, and how the main action and the side purpose line up.
- 〜を皮切りに — 〜を皮切りに means 'starting with X' — the first in a string of similar events that follow, like a tour's opening city. It attaches to a noun and always implies more of the same are coming.
- 〜を機に — 〜を機に means 'taking X as the occasion' — a formal way to say someone used an event as the opportunity to make a decisive change. It attaches to a noun and often carries a positive, deliberate nuance.
- 〜を除いて / を除き — 〜を除いて marks an exception before a general statement, and in formal writing shortens to the literary conjunctive 〜を除き; at N1 it often pairs with totality words like 全員・ほぼ全て in news and report style.