〜なお: 'Furthermore' / 'Additionally' (Adding a Note)
Adding a supplementary note
なお opens a new sentence to attach extra information, a condition, or a small exception to the point just made. It's formal and written — you'll see it in notices, reports, and manuals far more than in casual speech.
やったんは会議の日程を発表した。なお、詳細は後日メールで連絡する。
やったんは かいぎの にっていを はっぴょうした。なお、しょうさいは ごじつ メールで れんらくする。
Yattan announced the meeting schedule. Additionally, details will be sent later by email.
なお introduces a follow-up note after the main announcement.
なお、危険防止の為、サブアドの利用をお勧めします。
なお、きけん ぼうしの ためこ、サブアドの りようを おすすめします。
Additionally, to prevent risk, we recommend using a sub-address.
Typical opening line of a formal notice.
Form
なお is invariable — it never conjugates and doesn't attach to anything grammatically. It simply opens a sentence (often after a full stop or comma) that supplements the previous one.
| Position | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Start of a new sentence | なお、〜。 | なお、会場は変更になる場合があります。 |
| Start of a new clause | 〜。なお、〜 | 説明会は9時開始です。なお、遅刻される方は受付にお声がけください。 |
モチは新しいメニューを紹介した。なお、この商品は数量限定である。
モチは あたらしい メニューを しょうかいした。なお、この しょうひんは すうりょう げんていである。
Mochi introduced the new menu. Additionally, this item is limited in quantity.
Adding a caveat about availability.
Don't confuse with なお as "still"
In everyday sentences, なお can also mean "still / even more" (今なお伝統が残っている = "the tradition still remains today"), modifying degree. The N2 grammar-point sense covered here is different: it's a sentence-connector meaning "furthermore," found overwhelmingly at the start of formal notices rather than modifying a verb mid-sentence.
The short version
- 〜なお = "furthermore / additionally / please also note"
- Attaches to: nothing — it's an invariable sentence-initial adverb/conjunction
- Nuance/register: formal, written; typical of notices, business emails, and announcements
- Don't confuse with: なお meaning "still" (今なお), which modifies degree rather than connecting sentences
Practice it
Choose なお where a formal notice adds a supplementary remark.
＿＿＿に入れるのに最もよいものを選びなさい。
＿＿＿、危険防止の為、サブアド利用をお奨めします。
Where 〜なお fits
Shaky on this? Get these solid first
- もう · N5 — もう means 'already' with a positive verb (もう食べた), 'not anymore' with a negative (もう食べない), and 'one more' with numbers (もう一杯). Pairs with まだ.
More N2 grammar to explore
Keep going with related patterns at the same level:
- 〜にあたり — 〜にあたり is a formal expression meaning 'at the time of' or 'on the occasion of,' marking an important, often one-time event or action as the backdrop for what follows — typical of speeches and greetings.
- 〜に反して — 〜に反して means 'contrary to' — it marks an expectation, prediction, or rule that turns out to be opposite of what actually happened, common with 予想 and 期待.
- 〜に限る — 〜に限る means 'nothing beats / the best thing is,' expressing a personal, experience-based recommendation: 暑い日は冷たいビールに限る ('on a hot day, nothing beats a cold beer'). Attaches to nouns or plain-form verbs.
- 〜に越したことはない — 〜に越したことはない means 'it's best if…, though not strictly necessary' — a mild, universally-agreeable recommendation: 安いに越したことはない ('cheaper is always better'). Attaches to plain-form verbs and adjectives.
- 〜に際して — 〜に際して means 'on the occasion of' or 'at the time of' — a formal N2 expression used for special, significant events like graduations, weddings, or openings, often in speeches.
- 〜に先立ち — 〜に先立ち means 'before' or 'prior to' — a formal N2 expression for something done in preparation for, or ahead of, a major upcoming event, common in announcements and news.