JLPT N5 Grammar List
Every grammar point on the JLPT N5 syllabus, grouped by theme so related patterns sit together. There are 75 points below. Items in colour link to a full guide with meaning, formation, examples and an instant drill.
New to N5? A good order is top to bottom — particles and the て-form first, then conditionals, then the rest. For a study schedule, see how to study for N5. New to the exam itself? The N5 format & scoring overview covers what you're preparing for.
Particles
Te-form & aspect
- もう(完了・追加) — Already / Anymore
- ていない(進行形否定) — Not Doing (Progressive Negative)
- 〜ている(進行・状態) — Progressive/State
- まだ(継続・未完了) — Still / Not Yet
- ながら(同時進行) — While Doing
Giving & receiving (授受)
- てくれる(授受・恩恵) — Do For Me
- てあげる(授受・与え手) — Do For Someone
- てもらう(授受・受け手) — Have Someone Do
Potential (可能)
- 〜ことができる(可能) — Can do / Be able to
Commands & prohibition
- てはだめ(禁止・カジュアル) — Must Not (Casual)
- てはいけない(禁止) — Must Not (Prohibition)
- 〜ないでください(禁止依頼) — Please don't ~
Obligation & permission
- なくてもいい(不必要) — Don't Have To
- てもいい(許可) — May / Can (Permission)
- なければならない(義務) — Must / Have To
Keigo (敬語)
- てください(丁寧な依頼) — Please Do
- ません(丁寧否定形) — Polite Negative (Don't/Won't)
- ました(丁寧過去形) — Polite Past (Did)
- ませんでした(丁寧過去否定形) — Polite Past Negative (Didn't)
Conjecture & hearsay
- だろう(推量・カジュアル) — Probably (Casual)
- でしょう(推量・確認) — Probably / Right?
Desire & intention
- つもり(意図・予定) — Plan To / Intend To
- ほしい(欲求) — Want (Thing)
- てみたい(試行願望) — Want To Try
- 〜たい(願望) — Want to do
Nominalization
- の(所有・名詞化) — Possessive / Nominalizer
Comparison & degree
- ぐらい・くらい(程度) — About / Approximately
- くらい・ぐらい(程度) — About / Approximately
- より(比較) — More Than (Comparison)
- より〜のほうが〜(比較) — More ~ Than
- いちばん(最上級) — The Most (Superlative)
- すぎる(過度) — Too Much
Cause & result
- し(列挙・理由) — And Also / Besides
- ので(理由・柔らかい) — Because (soft)
- 〜から(理由・起点) — Because / From
Purpose
- 〜に行く(目的) — Go To Do (Purpose)
- にいく(目的) — Go To Do / In Order To
- を(目的語) — Object Marker
- ように(目的・変化) — So That / In Order To
Contrast & concession
- 〜けど/〜が(逆接) — But / Although
Time & sequence
- あとで・た後で(順序) — After
- てから(継起) — After Doing
- ごろ(おおよその時間) — Around (Time)
- 前に(時間的前) — Before
- とき(時間) — When
Listing & examples
Emphasis & limitation
Other patterns
- のが下手(不得意) — Bad At
- です(断定) — Copula (to be)
- のが上手(得意) — Good At
- ほうがいい(助言) — Had Better / Should
- たことがある(経験) — Have Done Before (Experience)
- 〜と思う(意見) — I think that ~
- じゃない(否定・カジュアル) — Is Not (Casual)
- のが好き(動作の好み) — Like Doing
- 過去形(た形) — Past Tense (Ta-form)
- てみてください(試行依頼) — Please Try
- ます形 — Polite Verb Ending
- か(疑問・選択) — Question Particle / Or
- なんて・なんか(軽視・驚き) — Such As / Things Like
- がいる(存在・生物) — There is (animate)
- がある(存在・無生物) — There is (inanimate)
- なる(変化) — To Become
- にする(決定) — To Decide On / To Make
- と一緒に(同伴) — Together With
- まで(終点・範囲) — Until / To / Even
- どんな(種類・質問) — What Kind Of
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