JLPT N3 Grammar List
Every grammar point on the JLPT N3 syllabus, grouped by theme so related patterns sit together. There are 141 points below. Items in colour link to a full guide with meaning, formation, examples and an instant drill.
New to N3? A good order is top to bottom — particles and the て-form first, then conditionals, then the rest. For a study schedule, see how to pass N3. New to the exam itself? The N3 format & scoring overview covers what you're preparing for.
Particles
- 向き(方向・適性) — Towards / Suitable For
Te-form & aspect
- てばかりはいられない(継続不可) — Can't Keep Only Doing
- おわる(完了) — Finish / Complete
- 〜かけ(未完了) — Half- / Partially / Not Yet Finished
- 最中に(進行中) — In The Middle Of
- 一方だ(進行) — More And More / Continue To
- ておいてください(準備依頼) — Please Prepare / Leave
- はじめる(開始) — Start To / Begin To
Conditionals (と・ば・たら・なら)
- さえ(極端・最低条件) — Even / If Only
- さえ〜ば(条件) — If Only... Then
- てしまえば(完了条件) — If You Finish / Once Done
- ておけば(準備条件) — If You Prepare / Leave
- てみれば(試行条件) — If You Try / When You Try
- てからでないと(条件) — Not Until After
Giving & receiving (授受)
- てやる(粗野な授与) — Do For (Rough/Casual)
- てくれたら(条件・受益) — If You Do For Me
- てあげたい(授与願望) — Want To Do For Someone
Potential (可能)
- なるべく(可能な限り) — As Much As Possible
- てもらえない(不可能・否定) — Can't Get Someone To Do
- てもらえないか(可能依頼) — Can't I Get You To Do
- わけにはいかない(不可能・禁止) — Cannot / Must Not
- 切れない(不可能) — Cannot Finish / Too Much To
- にはかなわない(不可能) — Cannot Match / No Match For
- てもらえたら(可能条件) — If I Could Get You To Do
- わけがない(不可能) — There's No Way / Impossible
Commands & prohibition
- てはならない(禁止・改まった) — Must Not (Formal)
- てならぬ(禁止・文語) — Must Not (Literary)
- べきではない(禁止) — Should Not / Must Not
Obligation & permission
- ことはない(不必要) — No Need To / Don't Have To
- てこそ(強調・必要条件) — Only By Doing / Precisely By
- べき(当然・義務) — Should / Ought To
Keigo (敬語)
- ていただける(可能・謙譲) — Could Receive Favor (Humble)
- てくださった(過去尊敬) — Did For Me (Past Honorific)
- てさしあげる(謙譲・授与) — Do For Someone (Humble)
- ていただければ(謙譲条件) — If I Could Receive (Humble)
- ていらっしゃる(尊敬・状態) — Is Doing (Honorific)
- ていただきたい(謙譲・願望) — Would Like To Receive (Humble)
- てくださいますか(丁寧依頼) — Would You Do (Very Polite)
Conjecture & hearsay
- ということ(伝聞) — I Heard That / It Seems That
- もしかしたら(推量) — Perhaps / Maybe
Desire & intention
- たらいい・といい(希望・提案) — Should / I Hope
- てほしい(希望) — Want Someone To Do
Comparison & degree
- どころか(否定・程度) — Far From / Let Alone / Not Only
- ほど〜ない(比較) — Not As... As
- あまりに(程度) — So Much That / Too
Cause & result
- その結果(結果) — As a Result
- た結果・の結果(結果) — As a Result Of
- なぜなら・なぜかというと(理由説明) — Because / The Reason Is
- ため(原因・結果) — Because Of (Result)
- せいで(否定的理由) — Because Of / Due To (Negative)
- によって(手段・原因・依存) — By / Depending On
- ために(目的・理由) — For / In Order To / Because
- わけだ(納得・理由) — No Wonder / That's Why
- おかげで(好意的理由) — Thanks To / Because Of (Positive)
Contrast & concession
- ながら・ながらも(逆接) — Although / Despite
- にしても(仮定・譲歩) — Even If / Even Though
- ところが(逆接) — However / But / Although
Time & sequence
- ところ(時間の局面) — About To / Just Did / In The Middle Of
- うちに(期間中) — While / Before / During
- 間・間に(時間・空間) — While / During / Between
Listing & examples
- をはじめ(例示) — Starting With / For Example
- なんて(例示・軽視) — Such As / Like / Something Like
- とか(例示) — Things Like / Such As / And So On
Quotation & topic
- について(話題) — About / Concerning
- として(資格・立場) — As (Role/Status)
- という(引用・定義) — Called / Named
- にとって(立場) — For (Perspective)
- とすれば・としたら(仮定・立場) — If We Assume / From Standpoint
- というと(話題転換) — Speaking Of / When You Say
Emphasis & limitation
- こそ(強調) — Emphasis (It Is... That)
- には(強調) — For / In Order To / To (Emphasis)
- ばかり(限定・傾向) — Just / Only / Always
- きり(限定) — Only / Since Then / Just
- てばかり(限定・非難) — Only Doing / Nothing But
Other patterns
- っぽい(傾向) — -ish / -like
- ことに(副詞化) — -ly / Fortunately
- によると(情報源) — According To
- といっても(但し書き) — Although One Says / Though I Say
- とおり(通り) — As / According To / Just Like
- ままに(随意) — As It Is / As One Pleases
- 次第(しだい) — As Soon As / Immediately After
- ておいたほうがいい(助言) — Better To Prepare
- てはいられない(余裕がない) — Can't Afford To / Can't Keep
- てしかたがない(抑制不能) — Can't Help / Extremely
- てしょうがない・てしかたがない — Can't Help But / Extremely
- ずにはいられない(衝動) — Can't Help But Do
- ざるを得ない(不可避) — Cannot Help But / Must
- ようになる(変化) — Come To / Get To
- だらけ(充満) — Covered / Full Of
- てやった(過去・粗野) — Did For (Past Rough)
- てもかまわない(許容) — Don't Mind / It's Fine
- くせに(非難) — Even Though / Despite
- を中心に(焦点) — Focused On / Centered On
- たとえば(例) — For Example / For Instance
- がたい(困難) — Hard To / Difficult To
- しかない(唯一の選択) — Have No Choice But To
- よりほかない(唯一の選択) — Have No Choice But To
- ような気がする(予感) — Have a Feeling That
- てみてはどう(提案) — How About Trying
- ことか(感嘆) — How...! / What...!
- としたら・とすれば(仮定) — If It Were The Case / If We Assume
- 際に(さいに)(場合) — In Case Of / When
- つまり(言い換え) — In Other Words / That Is To Say
- 最中(さいちゅう) — In The Middle Of / While
- 代わりに(代替) — Instead Of / In Exchange For
- 向け(対象) — Intended For / Aimed At
- わけではない(部分否定) — It Doesn't Mean That
- っぱなし(放置) — Leaving Undone
- ようにする(努力・習慣) — Make Sure To / Try To
- に違いない(確信) — Must Be / No Doubt
- 決して〜ない(強い否定) — Never / By No Means
- とは限らない(例外) — Not Necessarily / Not Always
- 別に〜ない(否定) — Not Really / Not Particularly
- ないことはない(部分肯定) — Not That... Not / Can
- おそらく(推測) — Probably / Perhaps / Likely
- めったに(稀少) — Rarely / Hardly / Seldom
- というより(訂正・修正) — Rather Than / More Like
- ばいい(提案) — Should / It'd Be Good If
- ことだ(助言) — Should / It's Best To
- ばよかった(後悔) — Should Have / Wish I Had
- てみせる(実証・決意) — Show By Doing / Demonstrate
- ことがある(時々・経験) — Sometimes / There Are Times When
- ふと(偶然) — Suddenly / Accidentally
- 確かに(確実性) — Surely / Certainly
- ぎみ(傾向) — Tend To / -Like / -Looking
- がち(傾向) — Tend To / Prone To
- ば〜ほど(比例) — The More... The More
- というのは(説明) — The Reason Is / Means / Because
- きる(完遂) — To Do Completely
- ふりをする(偽装) — To Pretend / To Act As If
- と共に(同時・付随) — Together With / Along With
- ようとする(試み) — Try To / Attempt To / About To
- てたまらない(耐え難い) — Unbearably / Extremely
- ものだ(回想・一般論) — Used To / Should (General Truth)
- そうもない(否定推測) — Very Unlikely To
- っけ(確認・思い出し) — What Was It Again?
- ついでに(機会) — While At It / Taking Opportunity
- ずに(否定接続) — Without Doing
- ようとしない(拒否) — Won't / Don't Try To
- てくれない(否定・不満) — Won't Do For Me / Doesn't Do
- てくれないか(依頼・男性語) — Won't You Do For Me
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